Safety and Compliance:
Solar panels typically consist of silicon wafers, glass, and aluminum frames. They must be free of cracks and packaged to meet shock-proof requirements (e.g., using EPE foam + wooden crates, thickness ≥ 5cm).
Lithium-ion battery modules (such as energy storage types) require separate declaration and must meet UN38.3 testing standards, with a state of charge (SOC) ≤ 30%.
Transportation Classification:
Ordinary crystalline silicon panels: Classified as "non-dangerous goods," but glass components must be marked "fragile." The recommended weight for a single piece is ≤ 50kg to avoid excess weight fees.
Thin-film solar panels: Flexible material that can be rolled up, with optimized volume-to-weight ratio, reducing air freight costs by approximately 20%.
Document Requirements:
MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet), Certificate of Transport Conditions (issued by a CNAS-accredited laboratory).
The EU requires a RoHS/REACH declaration of conformity, and the US requires FCC certification (if including wireless modules). Cost Factors:
Air freight is typically 3-5 times more expensive than sea freight. It is recommended for high-value (>50/W) or urgent orders. For example, shipping 1 ton of photovoltaic panels from China to Germany costs approximately 50/W by sea or for urgent orders. For example, shipping 1 ton of photovoltaic panels from China to Germany costs approximately 800 by sea and approximately 4000 by air.
Risk Warning:
Surprising temperature changes may cause EVA film delamination. A temperature recorder must be pre-attached (temperature range: -20℃ to 60℃ throughout the journey).
Insurance Recommendation: Consider adding "full coverage insurance" with a coverage amount ≥ 120% of the cargo value (including special insurance for the air freight segment).
